Passenger cars belong to the wheeled class of motor vehicles according to the generally accepted classification, but within the same class the division is very relative. This is due to the design features of cars. There are models, whose features turn them into “transitional” models, some modifications can be attributed to two or more classes at once.

The classes themselves also affect what passenger cars will be in terms of weight, dimensions, interior design, etc. This can best be seen in the growth of physical parameters within a single model line.

The national legislation also affects which vehicles are considered cars and which are considered trucks. For example, in the Russian Federation, a car with a gross weight of not more than 3.5 tons is considered a passenger car. In the U.S., the weight of a passenger car should not exceed 3,904 tons (8600 pounds). In Germany, when converting the body “hatchback” or “station wagon” the car can be transferred to the category of trucks, if you remove the rear seats, remove the straps and paint the rear side windows.

In the U.S. for a long time, any off-road vehicle was treated as a truck. Russian customs laws clearly regulate the rules for registration of imported vehicles with a maximum allowable weight of 3.5 tons: the car referred to the documents as a cargo if the payload of mass exceeds the total weight of passengers and driver (75 kg per seat), to a passenger – if the mass of the goods is less, etc.

Every state has its own specific classification, according to which a car belongs to this or that type. Our country is closer to European standards, which is understandable because of our geographical location. Historically, the Russian market was filled primarily with European models. This influenced the subsequent formation of consumer taste.

The classification itself has no strict outlines. It undergoes changes every time a new car model is developed and released for sale.

How to determine which group a passenger car belongs to

When buying a passenger car for an organization, the accountant has a difficult task: to choose a depreciation group number. How to determine it? It depends on the type, class (for passenger cars), general cargo lifting capacity and purpose (transportation of disabled people, special municipal vehicles, wreckers, etc.) of the transport.

You can find out which vehicles belong to passenger cars and which do not in the technical passport. This document indicates the main characteristics of the transport and without it the car will not be allowed to move.

More often accountants classify the car as a type based on its category, specified in the fourth column of the technical passport (PTS). If it says “B” there, the accountant enters the car as a car, “C” – as a cargo, “D” – as a passenger bus. However, in reality, despite the widespread misconception, it is not the fourth column in the technical passport that determines the type of the car.

For instance, a truck is classified as “B” category if its weight is less than 3,5 tons, but if one exceeds this threshold a bit – it will be classified as “C”.

Buses are categorized as “B” (for transportation of 1-8 passengers) and “D” (for transportation of more than 8 persons at a time).

To determine what type the vehicle belongs to, you need to look in the third column of the passport under the name “Name, Type of Vehicle”. The constructive differences of the vehicle are specified there.

Most often this graph allows figuring out how to write the vehicle: to refer it to cars, trucks or buses for passenger transportation.

Also, in addition to the type, the third column contains information about the purpose of transport: cargo/passenger transportation, collection, cement carrier, crane, sanitary or “universal”.

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Classification

All types of buses can be classified according to their purpose into the following:

City buses. Routed transport for transporting passengers within the city limits, follows a set route, with numerous stops for embarking/disembarking passengers. As a rule, such a passenger bus is equipped with at least two doors, wide aisles and handrails.

Intercity (tourist) buses. Designed for long-distance passenger transportation. Therefore, tourist buses are more comfortable, equipped with comfortable seats, seat belts. Some models can be equipped with a TV, berths, air conditioning and a lavatory. A mandatory option for intercity buses is the presence of a large luggage compartment.

Shift buses. These buses are designed to transport the working crew to the place of their destination. They represent a bus cabin, located on the truck chassis. Due to excellent cross-country capability of such vehicles on rough roads, an employer ensures smooth delivery of workers to the sites. A special high-capacity compartment is provided for luggage and tools. To date, the shift bus is the best transport for crew transportation, the demand for it is always high, even despite the fact that the technique does not belong to the category of cheap.

School buses are buses specially equipped to transport children. They must have seat belts, alarm systems in the cabin to communicate with the driver, and additional mirrors are provided to control boarding/unloading. For the convenience of children in the bus there are seats, reduced in size, special handrails and low steps at the entrance. All school buses are bright yellow in color.

Front-end buses. Buses take passengers from the plane to the airport building and back. Such buses usually have a large capacity, and for the convenience of passengers with luggage there are low steps. There are also models equipped with ramps, so passengers can get on the plane directly from the bus.

Excursion buses. Valued because such buses are higher than other models, it eliminates the need to get off the bus to see the sights. There are also double-decker models with an open top.

Types of engines: gasoline, diesel, electric, fuel cell, duobus (a technical hybrid of a trolleybus and diesel bus).
Another important indicator is the seating capacity. It depends directly on the layout and the number of seats. Total capacity can be determined by adding the number of seats and standing places.

Manufacturers

The sphere of bus production has many companies of various profiles. Only large holdings, such as the German corporation MAN, the automobile concern Daimler AG (Mercedes-Benz), Renault, Industrial Vehicles Corporation (IVECO) and several Japanese corporations can afford to produce their own buses. Often these companies make only the body, and the chassis are assembled from purchased parts. Among such companies are Gottlob Auwarter-Neoplan, Setra, Van Hool, Berkhof and Ikarus. The automobile companies Dennis, Volvo, DAF and Scania, or more precisely, their bus departments are only engaged in the assembly of frame chassis for buses.

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